Evaluating the Influence of Water Scarcity on the Host Response of Garlic to the Stem and Bulb Nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci

Ditylenchus dipsaci is a plant-parasitic nematode with a great economic NEEDLES AND SYRINGES impact on bulbous crops, including garlic (Allium sativum L.), and is distributed worldwide, particularly in the Mediterranean region.Traditionally, garlic was a rainfed crop in Spain, but irrigated areas have increased during the last few decades.However,

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Impact of Chaos Functions on Modern Swarm Optimizers.

Exploration and exploitation are two essential components for any optimization algorithm.Much exploration leads to oscillation and premature convergence while too much exploitation slows down the optimization algorithm and the optimizer may be stuck in local minima.Therefore, balancing the rates of exploration and exploitation at the Chandelier opt

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